gomez’s blog

For all English language readers of this blog, this is blog post in Bosnian language about opening of a new Pearson VUE testing centar in Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina at REZ agency.

Cisco certifikati su jedni od najcjenjenijih referensi koji su dostupni stručnjacima u oblasti informacione tehnologije. Stoga je, kao logičan završetak obuke za polaznike Cisco Akademije, REZ Agencija u svom prostoru uspostavila testni centar najpoznatijeg testing provajdera Pearson Virtual Universities Enterprises (Pearson VUE), prema veoma strogim tehničkim sigurnosnim kriterijima.

Usluge Pearson VUE testnog centra koriste mnoge poznate kompanije i organzacije kao što su Cisco, Linux Professional Insitute, CompTIA i drugi. Za ispite u Pearson VUE testnom centru u REZ Agenciji se možete prijaviti direktno preko weba http://www.vue.com/, putem telefona 032 441 231 ili dolaskom u našu Agenciju kod PVTC Administratora Testnog centra.

Plaćanje za Vaše ispite možete vršiti direktno putem stranice http://www.vue.com ili se obratiti administratoru u našem testnom centru (gđa Mediha Zukić).

1. REZ Agencija
2. Pearson VUE

Few days ago I moved my Ubuntu on laptop to version 10.04 and so far I am very satisfied with how does it work. That was a clear sign to refresh some software installs that I have and that fact included VMware server. Basically, I found VMware to suit my needs when it comes to personal virtualization. I am using virtualized CallManager (it is only supported with VMware) and also my appliance Linux environment is virtualized as well. There are other virtualisation solutions that I like but I will leave that for some other blog post.

So, I installed VMware Server 2.0.2 and it is working really nice. There are plenty of instruction manuals on VMware installation on Linux and Ubuntu, but I found this one to work like a charm. Under Ubuntu, I am using current version of Firefox, which is 3.6.3 and it seems to have a problem with VMware Remote Console Plug-in. It is not working at all. There is lot of discussion about this but I didn’t find that much solutions. Some are saying that some Firefox add-on for flash blocking is causing this to happen, but using Firefox without .mozilla didn’t help.

So, here is solution that actually works: Open Terminal and navigate to directory:

root@gomez-laptop:/# cd /usr/lib/vmware/webAccess/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/ui/plugin/

once there, execute list command and you should be able to see vmware-vmrc-linux-x86.xpi file which is required:

root@gomez-laptop:/usr/lib/vmware/webAccess/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/ui/plugin# ls
build_doNotErase.txt  vmware-vmrc-linux-x64.xpi  vmware-vmrc-linux-x86.xpi vmware-vmrc-win32-x86.exe  vmware-vmrc-win32-x86.xpi

Once, there, we need to unzip that file by issuing following command:

root@gomez-laptop:# unzip vmware-vmrc-linux-x86.xpi

and then, navigate to plugins directory and list the content:

root@gomez-laptop:/usr/lib/vmware/webAccess/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/ui/plugin# cd plugins/
root@gomez-laptop:/usr/lib/vmware/webAccess/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/ui/plugin/plugins# ls
bin  libconf                         open_source_licenses.txt  vmware-desktop-entry-creator  vmware-vmrc-daemon  xkeymap
lib  np-vmware-vmrc-2.5.0-122581.so  share                     vmware-vmrc vmware-vmrc-legacy
root@gomez-laptop:/usr/lib/vmware/webAccess/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/ui/plugin/plugins#

And one last step is to start vmware-vmrc with following command:

root@gomez-laptop:/usr/lib/vmware/webAccess/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/ui/plugin/plugins# ./vmware-vmrc -h localhost:8333

Please note that you can replace localhost with IP address of your working VMware server. Once above command is executed you need to authenticate and you should be able to select virtualized hosts. Please give a check to following screenshots:

As shown on above screenshot, we need to authenticate and one last step is to select one of the virtualized machines that we want to work with:

If there are some questions, please let me know. I hope that this workaround will save some time for you and that you will have working solution.

1. VMware server
2. VMware server installation on Ubuntu

Richard M. Stallman is an American software freedom activist and computer programmer. In September 1983, he launched the GNU Project to create a free Unix-like operating system, and has been the project’s lead architect and organizer. With the launch of the GNU Project, he initiated the free software movement and, in October 1985, set up the Free Software Foundation.

Stallman pioneered the concept of copyleft and he is the main author of several copyleft licenses including the GNU General Public License, the most widely used free software license. Since the mid-1990s, Stallman has spent most of his time advocating for free software, as well as campaigning against both software patents and what he sees as excessive extension of copyright laws. Stallman has also developed a number of pieces of widely-used software, including the original Emacs, the GNU Compiler Collection, and the GNU Debugger. He co-founded the League for Programming Freedom in 1989.

Richard M. Stallman will have following speeches in Bosnia and Hercegovina in May, 2010:

What: Copyright vs. Community
When: May 19, 2010 from 11:00 AM to 01:30 PM
Where: IBU conference hall, main building, third floor, Francuske revolucije bb; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

What: Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux Operating System
When: May 20, 2010 from 02:00 PM to 04:30 PM
Where: IBU conference hall, main building, third floor, Francuske revolucije bb; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

What: Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux Operating System
When: May 22, 2010 from 14:00 PM to 16:00 PM
Where: Fakultet Informacijskih Tehnologija, Univerzitet Dzemal Bijedic; Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina

We hope that you will come to listen speeches from Stallman and that you will enjoy those events. It is good opportunity to visit those events since we do not know when we will have Stallman in Bosnia and Hercegovina again. If there is additional information needed, please let me know.

1. Richard M. Stallman
2. Free Software Foundation

Few days ago I had interesting request to tweak Linux on Samsung LCD TV. At first, I was kind of surprised that Linux is supported on TV, but it is normal. Linux is very strong competitor on the appliance based market and it was just about time to face those kind of installations. The main goal was to enable telnet on firmware in order to be able to connect to TV, and after that to load Common Internet File System to be able to use network mounts. Since I didn’t know anything about Samsung TV series and belonging firmware versions I needed to read something about that. Basically, there are differences in versions based on producing years and processors that are supported. This text is about to cover Samsung LCD TV LE40A756 and A856 with firmware T-RBYDEU. I need to mention that it is kind of easier to work with other models of Samsung LCD TVs since they seam to open more possibilities (this is just my opinion) for firmware hacking but this version was very interesting to play with as well. Since this firmware (as much as all other appliance based firmware versions) is using squash file system, to be able to add something on filesystem we would need to unsquash file system (unsquash is viable thru squashfs-tools) and then perform necessary changes. Since I am using Ubuntu which is providing newer version of squashfs-tools package than it is required (Ubuntu is providing squashfs-tools version 3.1 and it is required to have version 2.0) I didn’t follow that procedure. However, for those that would like to give it a try you can follow this procedure. We will follow other procedure.

Downloads

Navigate to Samsung web site > Support > Downloads > TV Audio Video > Choose a product type>: Television > Choose a product subtype: LCD TV > Select your TV model and then click on Select. You will be provided with the link to download your firmware version. In our case firmware is called T-RBYDEU.exe.

Firmware work

Using some of the decompression tools like 7zip, WinRAR or some other program that you use on the daily basis, we need to extract .exe file that we have downloaded. I will describe procedure under Linux operating system using 7zip:

7z x T-RBYDEU.exe

Once done, you will be able to see extracted files in directory T-RBYDEU. Please note that you will be able to see those files:

gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU$ ls -la
total 40
drwx—— 1 gomez gomez     0 2009-05-11 23:38 .
drwx—— 1 gomez gomez  4096 2010-04-01 16:22 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez 18929 2009-04-17 16:16 crc
drwx—— 1 gomez gomez  4096 2009-05-11 23:38 image
-rwxrwxrwx 2 gomez gomez  8676 2009-04-17 16:16 MicomCtrl
gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU$ cd image/
gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU/image$ ls -la
total 58166
drwx—— 1 gomez gomez     4096 2009-05-11 23:38 .
drwx—— 1 gomez gomez        0 2009-05-11 23:38 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez  8155136 2009-04-17 16:16 appdata.img
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez   602112 2009-04-17 16:16 boot.img
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez 37646336 2009-04-17 16:16 exe.img
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez   177920 2009-04-17 16:16 fnw.bin
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez       17 2009-04-17 16:16 info.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez    99680 2009-04-17 16:16 oneboot.bin
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez  3424256 2009-04-17 16:16 rootfs.img
-rwxrwxrwx 2 gomez gomez  3172612 2009-04-17 16:16 T-RBYDAUM
-rwxrwxrwx 2 gomez gomez  3172612 2009-04-17 16:16 T-RBYDEUM
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez   228296 2009-04-17 16:16 u-boot.bin
-rwxrwxrwx 2 gomez gomez       47 2009-04-17 16:16 validinfo.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 2 gomez gomez       43 2009-04-17 16:16 version_info.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez  2864533 2009-04-17 16:16 vmlinux.ub
gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU/image$

As per above output, please note that we have directory called image, and from the interesting files we have exe.img and validinfo.txt which will be used in following text.

Firmware tweaks

Next thing that we need to do is to prepare exe.img for additional changes in order to be able to telnet to TV and use some networking services like CIFS. Now, navigate to image directory and create directory temp:

gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU$ cd image/
gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU/image$ mkdir temp
gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU/image$

Once done, we will mount exe.img with the type of vfat to newly created temp directory:

gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU/image$ sudo mount -t vfat -o loop exe.img temp/

With above command, we have mounted exe.img to temp directory. Please note that we have following files inside temp directory:

gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU/image$ cd temp/
gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU/image/temp$ ls -la
total 28980
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 16384 1970-01-01 01:00 .
drwx—— 1 gomez gomez 4096 2010-04-04 19:06 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 29487160 2009-04-17 16:16 exeDSP
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 8192 2009-04-17 16:16 modules
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 131072 2009-04-17 16:16 $rfs_log.lo$
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 8192 2009-04-17 16:16 rfs_pool.sy$
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4374 2009-04-17 16:16 run
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4525 2009-04-17 16:16 start.sh
gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU/image/temp$

Please note that we have start.sh file which we will use in following text.

Scripts

Using your favourite text editor, replace current start.sh file with following:

#!/bin/sh

if [ -e /mtd_chmap/start.sh ]
then
echo “user start.sh found!”
/mtd_chmap/start.sh
else

export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
#export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib:/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/mtd_cmmlib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib:/lib
export HOME=/tmp/root
export TERM=linux
export LOGNAME=”root”
cd /dtv/usb
PU=`cat log | grep Mount`
PU=`echo ${PU##MountDir : }`
echo $PU
$PU/usb.sh &

mount

## mount -n -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb

ulimit -s 2048

export PS1=’\h:\w\$ ‘

## STAPI Root Device Name?## ———————-
ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME=stapi
export ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME

## STAVMEM Device Name
## ——————-
STAVMEM_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stavmem_ioctl
export STAVMEM_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STAUDLX Device Name
## ——————-
STAUDLX_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/staudlx_ioctl
export STAUDLX_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STBLAST Device Name
## ——————-
STBLAST_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stblast_ioctl
export STBLAST_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STBLIT Device Name
## ——————
STBLIT_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stblit_ioctl
export STBLIT_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STCC Device Name
## —————-
STCC_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stcc_ioctl
export STCC_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STCLKRV Device Name
## ——————-
STCLKRV_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stclkrv_ioctl
export STCLKRV_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STDENC Device Name
## ——————
STDENC_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stdenc_ioctl
export STDENC_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STEVT Device Name
## —————–
STEVT_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stevt_ioctl
export STEVT_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STFASTFILTER Device Name
## ————————
STFASTFILTER_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stfastfilter_ioctl
export STFASTFILTER_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STFDMA Device Name
## ——————
STFDMA_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stfdma_ioctl
export STFDMA_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STGFB Device Name
## —————–
STGFB_CORE_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stgfb_core
export STGFB_CORE_DEV_PATH
STGFB_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stgfb_ioctl
export STGFB_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STHDMI Device Name
## ——————
STHDMI_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/sthdmi_ioctl
export STHDMI_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STI2C Device Name
## —————–
STI2C_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=”/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/sti2c_ioctl”
export STI2C_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STLAYER Device Name
## ——————-
STLAYER_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stlayer_ioctl
export STLAYER_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STMERGE Device Name
## ——————-
STMERGE_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=”/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stmerge_ioctl”
export STMERGE_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STPIO Device Name
## —————–
STPIO_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stpio_ioctl
export STPIO_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STPTI4 Device Name
## ——————
STPTI4_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stpti4_ioctl
export STPTI4_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STSMART Device Name
## ——————-
STSMART_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stsmart_ioctl
export STSMART_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STSYS Device Name
## —————–
STSYS_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stsys_ioctl
export STSYS_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STTTX Device Name
## —————–
STTTX_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stttx_ioctl
export STTTX_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STTUNER Device Name
## ——————-
STTUNER_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/sttuner_ioctl
export STTUNER_DEV_PATH

## STVBI Device Name
## —————–
STVBI_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stvbi_ioctl
export STVBI_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STVID Device Name
## —————–
STVID_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stvid_ioctl
export STVID_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STVIN Device Name
## —————–
STVIN_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stvin_ioctl
export STVIN_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STVMIX Device Name
## ——————
STVMIX_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stvmix_ioctl
export STVMIX_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STVOUT Device Name
## ——————
STVOUT_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stvout_ioctl
export STVOUT_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

## STVTG Device Name
## —————–
STVTG_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/stvtg_ioctl
export STVTG_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

STTKDMA_IOCTL_DEV_PATH=/dev/${ST_DEV_ROOT_NAME}/sttkdma_ioctl
export STTKDMA_IOCTL_DEV_PATH

RUN=1
/exe/exeDSP

Please note bold lines. Basically, it is the same file except that we are instructing our Linux firmware to load usb.sh script which needs to be located on USB root directory. usb.sh script will instruct Linux firmware to start busybox instance of telnet deamon so that we are able to telnet to our TV, and additionally it will load cifs.ko kernel module which will enable Common Internet File System so that we are able to mount some network devices on our Linux firmware. usb.sh script looks like:

#! /bin/sh

echo “!!!!!!!!!!!!!! USB START !!!!!!!!!!!!!!”

/bin/stty -F /dev/ttyAS0 ospeed 57600 ispeed 57600
#line before enables console for speed 57600. Put ‘debug’ to console and you see menu, put ’12′ and ENTER
echo “!!!!!!!!!!!!!! start console on 57600 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!”

#sleep 25 sec is need for wait ethernet start
sleep 25

cd /dtv/usb
PU=`cat log | grep Mount`
PU=`echo ${PU##MountDir : }`

echo “!!!!!!!!!!!!!! start telnet !!!!!!!!!!!!!!”
$PU/busybox telnetd -l /bin/sh

echo “!!!!!!!!!!!!!! start cifs.ko !!!!!!!!!!!!!!”
cd $PU
insmod cifs.ko

sleep 4

echo “!!!!!!!!!!!!!! clear old contents USB on TV !!!!!!!!!!!!!!”
rm /mtd_contents/V* -R
rm /mtd_contents/database -R

echo “!!!!!!!!!!!!!! start mount !!!!!!!!!!!!!!”
mount -t cifs //192.168.0.1/photo $PU/photo -o user=user_xp -o pass=password_xp
mount -t cifs //192.168.0.1/mp3 $PU/mp3 -o user=user_xp -o pass=password_xp
mount -t cifs //192.168.0.1/video $PU/video -o user=user_xp -o pass=password_xp

mount

echo “!!!!!!!!!!!!!! USB END !!!!!!!!!!!!!!”

Please note bold lines. Basically, we are starting telnet daemon and loading cifs.ko kernel module. After that, we are mounting some Windows XP shares from our personal computer which is working on 192.168.0.1 IP address. Once this file is loaded, and those mount locations are created you will be able to use files within above directories on your TV from the TV menus.

Please note that usb.sh, cifs.ko, busybox files and mp3, video, and photo directories needs to be located on USB root location.

Once done with that, we are ready to preform final changes to our firmware. First thing that we need to do is to umount temp directory:

gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU$ sudo umount /home/gomez/Desktop/T-RBYDEU/temp

Then, we need to delete temp directory:

gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU/image$ sudo rm -rf temp/

Once done with that, we need to change CRC information, because we have changed exe.img file. We can do that as follows:

gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU/image$ crc32 exe.img
cdc8080c

Once we have CRC information, we need to enter new value to validinfo.txt file:

gomez@gomez-laptop:/media/Data_/T-RBYDEU/image$ cat validinfo.txt
*007_exe.img_663430d9*011_appdata.img_a485b538

Please note value 663430d9. We need to change that value with cdc8080c that we have got as output from crc32 command. You can do that by using your favourite text editor. Once done with that, we are done with tweaking our Linux firmware. Your USB pen content should look like this:

gomez@gomez-laptop:~/Desktop/USB$ ls -la
total 3644
drwxr-xr-x 6 gomez gomez    4096 2010-04-05 08:59 .
drwx—— 8 gomez gomez    4096 2010-04-05 09:03 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez  992084 2009-11-18 23:13 busybox
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez 2707316 2009-11-17 20:08 cifs.ko
drwx—— 2 gomez gomez    4096 2009-12-28 09:12 mp3
drwx—— 2 gomez gomez    4096 2009-12-28 09:12 photo
drwx—— 3 gomez gomez    4096 2010-04-05 08:59 T-RBYDEU
-rwxrwxrwx 1 gomez gomez    1026 2009-12-28 09:14 usb.sh
drwx—— 2 gomez gomez    4096 2009-12-28 09:12 video

If that is the case, you can put this USB to your TV, turn it on and you will be prompted to upgrade firmware with firmware version listed on your USB pen. Once you perform this upgrade, you will be able to telnet to your TV. Check your TV IP address from TV menus, and then using Linux shell, or if you are Windows user using Putty, telnet to your TV and enjoy power of your Linux shell. Also, using TV menus and Common Internet File System – CIFS, you can play some music, video or photos on your TV (as described above).

If you are lazy to give a check to this procedure, you can download fully operational USB image on this link. You are doing that on your own risk and author of this blog post is not responsible for any damage that you might cause by some operation.

Enjoy power of Linux shell on your Samsung TV!

For more information please visit following links:

1. SamyGo wiki pages
2. How to enable Telnet on Samsung TV’s
3. Hacking T-RBYDEUC Firmware – LE40A756 and A856

LUGZDK finally has new logo. Logo is very simple and well designed, as per our wishes. Man that stands behind the project is Alem Sacak, experienced designer from Zenica, Bosnia and Hercegovina. We would like to thank Alem for this really good job and we are looking forward to work with him in the future on similar projects. If you are interested in his work, you can find his graphic design portfolio and contact details on this link.

1. Alem Sacak
2. Linux users group of ZDK

Few days ago we finally got our new optical connection. It is working like a charm. Having optical connection and Cisco router from one side and Asterisk server from the other side was a clear sign that we could/should implement QoS for voice traffic. By default, Asterisk is using port range 10000 to 20000 for RTP streams (which is adjustable in /etc/asterisk/rtp.conf) so you have several solutions how to implement Low Latency Queuing – LLQ on Cisco router. You can:

1. use Network Based Application Recognition NBAR to recognize your RTP traffic by using command ‘match protocol rtp’ within required class map;
2. create access control list which would comprehend all the traffic which is working as UDP in port range 10000 to 20000 by executing command ‘access-list 101 permit udp any range 10000 20000 any’ and then call that access control list within class map by using command ‘match access-group 101′;
3. make your Asterisk mark your SIP or RTP traffic by default.

From above listed solutions to this problem, third solution was most logical to me, although all solutions would work. Since there is recommendation to mark traffic as close to source as possible third option was very logical thing to go for. If you are using Asterisk which is working on Linux as root user (in most cases it is working with asterisk user by default) you will need to edit your sip.conf and within section [general] you will need to add following:

tos_sip=cs3
tos_audio=ef

Once done with that, save your configuration, reload asterisk and you are ready to go for Cisco configuration.

As I already mentioned, in most cases Asterisk is using user asterisk for the Asterisk daemon. If that is a case, above listed solution won’t work for you because Linux as operating system won’t allow you to mark your packages as non root user. That is very logical since we would be able to mark our web or some peer to peer traffic packages as EF (expedited forwarding) and obtain priority which is not desired at all. But, there is very powerful solution by using iptables. As root, you will need to execute following:

iptables -A OUTPUT -t mangle -p udp -m udp –dport 5060 -j DSCP –set-dscp 0×28
iptables -A OUTPUT -t mangle -p udp -m udp –sport 10000:20000 -j DSCP –set-dscp 0×28

By executing above commands you will mark your SIP and RTP traffic as DSCP CS5 (IP Precedence 5). You can verify that by catching a trace using snoop/tcpdump.

In case that you would like to set different DSCP values for some traffic, please find partial list here:
Expedited Forwarding, DSCP = 0x2E
CS5, DSCP = 0×28
CS6, DSCP = 0×30
CS7, DSCP = 0×38

Now last thing that we would need to do on the Linux side is to add those iptables rules to load on boot. Edit /etc/rc.local using your favorite text editor and paste above listed iptables lines and save it. Please note that rc.local file is loaded after the network, so if you are planning to put some firewall lines beside those that mark sip and trp traffic you might end up without your firewall rules for few seconds (otherwise, you can execute ‘iptables-save >/etc/iptables.rules‘ and then you would just need to add following line ‘pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules‘ to ‘/etc/network/interfaces‘ by using your favorite text editor to be loaded with network).

On the Cisco router side, we will configure Low Latency Queueing – LLQ to put some priority onto our CS5 marked packages. First thing that we need to do is to create class map from the global configuration mode by executing following commands:

router>enable
router#conf t
router(config)#class-map match-any voice
router(config-cmap)#match ip dscp cs5
router(config-cmap)#exit
router(config)#

By creating class map as listed above we would select our Asterisk marked cs5 packages. Next thing that we need to do is to define what we want to do with above selected cs5 marked packages. We are doing that by creating policy map as follows:

router(config)#policy-map llq
router(config-pmap)#class voice
router(config-pmap-c)#priority percent 20
router(config-pmap-c)#exit
router(config-pmap)#class class-default
router(config-pmap-c)#fair-queue

As per above configuration we are creating policy map called llq, and within that we are specifying 20 percent of available bandwidth for class voice. Please note that we need to have correct bandwidth statement under interface which is connected to WAN. Also, please note that we have enabled fair queueing on class-default (all data which is not selected by some other class map).

Last thing to do in regards to configuration is to enable policy map on interface which is facing connection towards your Internet Service Provider (WAN interface). We can do that by navigating to interface configuration mode and applying service policy in output direction as per following example:

router(config-pmap-c)#exit
router(config-pmap)#exit
router(config)#interface fastEthernet0/1
router(config-if)#service-policy output llq

And that is all. Now, we need to check results of our work by executing following command:

router#show policy-map interface fastEthernet 0/1
FastEthernet0/1

Service-policy output: llq

queue stats for all priority classes:
Queueing
queue limit 64 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 947031/193919404

Class-map: voice (match-any)
856803 packets, 170900643 bytes
1 minute offered rate 22000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: ip dscp cs5 (40)
856803 packets, 170900643 bytes
1 minute rate 0 bps
Priority: 20% (400 kbps), burst bytes 15000, b/w exceed drops: 0

Class-map: class-default (match-any)
5321936 packets, 1534281066 bytes
1 minute offered rate 20000 bps, drop rate 0 bps
Match: any
Queueing
queue limit 64 packets
(queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops/flowdrops) 0/0/0/0
(pkts output/bytes output) 5322316/1531545858
Fair-queue: per-flow queue limit 16

Please note packet counts under voice class on this policy. That means that we have deployed working configuration which will improve your voip experience. Your voip traffic will get priority among other aggressive traffic flows. Please find some additional information below, and feel free to contact me in order that you have additional questions.

1. Low Latency Queueing
2. Quality of Service

One of the biggest IT conferences, and most probably biggest GNU/Linux conference, Debconf (Debian Developers Conference) will take place in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Hercegovina in 2011! Among very professional bids from Munchen (Germany) and Quito (Equator), our Banja Luka bid won. Everything was carefully prepared and well organised by local team with Adnan Hodzic as lead person. We need to mention that we have full support which include funding, venues and else from Government of Republika Srpska which signed support letter (you can find it on Banja Luka bid wiki page). As the person which participated at Debconf7 in Edinburgh I am really happy that I will have opportunity to see known people, but also that Bosnia and Hercegovina will host this since this is our second bid (Sarajevo bid for dc7). It is our pleasure to have opportunity to host Debconf11 and we hope to see you here next year!

1. Banja Luka bid wiki page
2. My dc7 summary blog page

After a long time, Zenica GNU/Linux Users are about to have meeting! It is going to take a place in Caffe “Ekran” at 18h on 31. Jan ’10. We intend to talk about some future projects, Linux based solutions that we have learned about during our many months of inactivity, and we intend to have good time. Since we were inactive for some time we are happy that there are some new users that we intend to meet with on this meeting. If you are interested in our projects and who we are, just show up. We will be willing to meet you, help you with your Linux/Networking/Programing/IT issues (you don’t have to be Linux user as you can see, and we can help up to level that we are capable to help) and to share our experience!

1. Linux Users group of Bosnia and Hercegovina
2. Zenica Linux users forum

Few days ago I have passed LPI 102 certificate and became Linux Professional Institute LPIC-1 certified. I have passed LPI 101 back in March, 2007. There was 60 questions and 90 minutes to resolve those questions. One of the surprises that I had was option ‘Previous’, so you are able to check all of the questions once more in case that you have some additional time. I have to say that exam was easier than LPI 101 (which I find to be one of the hardest exams) because I do have experience with things that were asked in my day to day business. There is a lot of documentation available for preparing the exam, but I would recommend their ‘Detail objectives‘ documentation as the start point. They will just ask what you will find listed over there, so you just need to cover that part. In the end, I need to say that I am really glad to obtain this certification because I find GNU/Linux as real satisfaction. If you would need some help, information or something else in regards to this, please feel free to contact me.

http://www.lpi.org/verify
LPI ID: LPI000116482
Code: uuw3rpvp8v

1. What is Linux Professional Institute?
2. Linux Professional Insitute Certifications

If you are dealing with configuration of many GNU/Linux servers per daily basis, you will most probably consider to implement some kind of mechanism which will allow you to log in as root user without typing in your root password all the time. Procedure is quite simple:

1. First thing that you need to do is to generate new keys using ssh-keygen command (in my case it is root user that I am using):

root@host:~# cd .ssh/
root@host:~/.ssh# ls
known_hosts
root@host:~/.ssh# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
4c:p0:fa:0z:14:22:1a:f3:af:be:5d:a7:8a:5x:s6:78 root@host
The key’s randomart image is:
+–[ RSA 2048]—-+
root@host:~/.ssh#

2. Once we are done with generating new keys we need to move id_rsa.pub key to server that we want to login to without using password using scp command:

root@host:~/.ssh# ls
id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts
root@host:~/.ssh# scp  id_rsa.pub serveripaddress:id_rsa.pub
The authenticity of host ‘[server]‘ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is be:0e:a1:22:dd:66:fg:52:ed:qw:2s:uk:57:d9:7f:99.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘[server]‘ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@server’s password:
id_rsa.pub                                    100%  399     0.4KB/s   00:00

3. Once done with moving id_rsa.pub file to server we need to make some small configurations steps onto a server in order to have this functionality working. Precisely, we need to append our public key to file authorized_keys2 in following way:

root@host:~/.ssh# ssh root@server
root@server’s password:

server:~# ls
id_rsa.pub
server:/home# cd /root/.ssh/
server:~/.ssh# touch authorized_keys2
server:~/.ssh# chmod 600 authorized_keys2

server:~/.ssh# cat /root/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys2
server:~/.ssh# exit
logout
Connection to server closed.

Please note that we actually created authorized_keys2 file with permissions 600 in prior to appending public key into it.

4. Last step that we need to do is to test this out. From the root account on your host we need to try to log onto a server using just server ip address or host name with root account without a password:

root@host:~$ ssh root@server
server:~#

We should be able to log onto a server without using password securely over ssh.

Since I am working for company that will not ever never let us connect to their network without VPN client, and taking in consideration that I wanted to use Linux on my laptop it was time to get my hands on selecting appropriate VPN client since I am working as teleworker (this sounds cool to me).

Now, before I start describing anything I need to say that I am using Ubuntu 9.04 on my laptop. Few of the reasons for using Ubuntu would be that it is working very nice, it is fast enough, it is nice looking and very stable at the same time, and at the end of day it is Debian based, and I proudly admit that I am emotional when it is about Debian. Ok, now back to VPN clients.

We are using IPsec. Therefore, I needed something that can support it and actually I have found two real possibilities:

1. Cisco VPN client for Linux
2. vpnc

I was working with vpnc before and I have to admit that it was my first selection. In my personal opinion it is working very nice, and it is really easy to use. network-manager-vpnc is actually just a vpnc plugin for network-manager and is nice solution because you will be able to use it from nm-applet from panel which is more friendly than connecting over console. vpnc is capable of working just over UDP and I have found it as huge limitation. I am working from the network which is reaching limits almost all the time, and UDP in those kind of networks is not that good solution. In most cases, if you are using UDP and you are working from those described networks you will see on the statistics that you are sending bytes, but you are not receiving anything. I was trying to find some vpnc clone that is working over TCP, because we obviously need some packet delivery guarantee, but I wasn’t that successful. That was reason to try Cisco VPN client.

There is really good project page for Cisco VPN client at this link. As i have heard, people were complaining that it is hard to compile it and install it, but with installations provided on the above link, it is not that hard to accomplish that. Main reason why em I actually using Cisco VPN client is ability to work over TCP. It is working really good, it is stable and I would, from my personal experience, recommend it.

I have noticed that huge disadvantage of using Cisco VPN client is using it over wireless network. After certain period of time my Ubuntu just freezes and only way to get it working is to turn it off, and start it over again. Solution is to use wired network, after that it is all work fine. It seems that Intel wireless driver is actually making this problem, but I was reading that some of the users are complaining on really bad multi core support. One of the solutions was to start it with just one core (which means to disable one core in prior to starting vpn client), which is not that user friendly. One of following posts will describe procedure how to install and to configure both vpnc and cisco vpn client, and how to resolve some of the issues that might occur while using them.

Obavještavamo sve zainteresovane da je objavljena finalna verzija Bosanskohercegovačkog Linux desktopa BHLD 2.0. Ovaj projekat je finansiralo Ministarstvo obrazovanja, nauke i kulture FBiH, a vodio ga je dr Samir Ribić sa ETFa Sarajevo. U projektu su učestvovali i mnogobrojni studenti ETFa (kojima se ovom prilikom zahvaljujemo).

Bh. Linux desktop je projekat čiji je cilj prezentovanje Linuxa u svojstvu radne stanice (desktopa) kao i aktivnosti ULK na lokalizaciji (prevođenu na naše jezike) grafičkog okruženja i aplikacija. BHLD 2.0 dolazi sa setom aplikacija posebno prilagođenim za primjenu u obrazovanju, kao i sa vrlo detaljnim priručnikom na našem jeziku u kojem su opisane sve aplikacije uključene u distribuciju. Od aplikacija ističemo OpenOffice.org 3.1 i Firefox 3.0. Pored standardnog KDE okruženja BHLD 2.0 sadrži i lagano okruženje za starije računare te bi trebao biti upotrebljiv i na računarima sa svega 128 MB RAM. BHLD je “live CD” što znači da ga možete isprobati bez instalacije, a za razliku od verzije 1.x instalacija na disk je potpuno podržana.

Verzija 2.0 bazirana je na megapopularnoj Ubuntu Linux distribuciji. Tehničke detalje (spisak paketa) možete saznati na ULK wiki stranici koja će se po potrebi dopunjavati informacijama:
http://wiki.linux.org.ba/BHLD2

BHLD 2.0 moći ćete naći u sljedećem broju magazina “Info” zajedno sa člankom i intervjuom, a ISO image možete preuzeti sa mirror servera:
ftp://mirror.bhld.com.ba/bhld/ (BH Telecom)
http://europronet.ba/bhld/ (Europronet – za korisnike cable zone: ftp://cableftp.europronet.ba/DOWNLOAD/OS/Linux/BHLD/)

Sva pitanja u vezi BHLDa i pomoć za korištenje možete dobiti na ULK forumu – sekcija BHLD koji redovno prati i sam dr Ribić (nick “megaribi”).

Pozivamo vas na promociju BHLD 2.0 koja će se održati u subotu 4. jula 2009. u 12:00 u Malom amfiteatru Elektrotehničkog fakulteta (ETF-MA):
* Mapa (koristite kontrolu sa lijeve strane da napravite zoom-in / zoom-out, ili vucite mišem mapu za skrolovanje)
Ovom prilikom ćete se moći učlaniti u Udruženje Linux korisnika, dobiti majice i kape sa logom Udruženja kao i odštampane BHLD priručnike sa CDom.

1. Udruženje Linux korisnika Bosne i Hercegovine
2. BHLD 2.0

Prije 3 godine smo organizovali jedan lijep event “Linux za sve” u Villa Parku (slike)

Imamo priliku da uz medijsku podršku Radija 202 organizujemo nešto slično, a ako sve prođe kako je zamišljeno, ovo bi trebao postati redovan event (najmanje jedanput godišnje). Program manifestacije bi trebao biti zabavno/edukativnog karaktera, sa (mini) prezentacijama, “installfest-om”, te workshopovima za zainteresovane posjetioce.

Datum održavanja

Subota, 17. maj 2008. Od 09:00 do 16:00.

Mjesto održavanja

ETF Sarajevo, novi (mali) amfiteatar i učionica S0.

Ciljna publika

Kao i prošli put, želimo okupiti i buduće i “stare” Linuxaše na jednom mjestu.

Program

• Kolekcija proljeće-ljeto 2008

I ovo proljeće nam donosi nova izdanja popularnih Linux distribucija. Treba napraviti mini prezentacije par (i.e. max dvije) :najpopularnijih (Ubuntu, Fedora, Mandriva, SuSE?, Slackware)

Dokažite čitavom svijetu da je ona baš ta, jedina prava linux distribucija, sve ostalo su nepoznate afričke riječi.

• Install party

Obradujte vašeg gigabajtnog/gigahertznog ljubimca sa novom Linux instalacijom iz proljetne kolekcije.

• (Windows) Refugee Camp

Survival obuka za MS Windows izbjeglice. Nalazite se na pustom ostrvu, a Windows je ostao kod kuće. Šta koristiti za otvaranje konzervi?

• Can’t hear you!

Multimedijalni workshop, od konzumacije do kreacije muzike/videa. Muzikom protiv buke.

• ULK – budi i ti jedan od nas

Zašto je ULK moj najbolji prijatelj? Da li će moje članstvo u ULK-u spriječiti glad u svijetu? Najbrži put do Linux nirvane.

Razno

Posjetioci bi trebali moći kupiti ULK majice. Ima li ko novih dizajn ideja.

Trebalo bi napraviti/podijeliti članske kartice svima koji su već učlanjeni ili imaju namjeru to uraditi tokom eventa.

Hans Reiser, kreator popularnog datotečnog sistema ReiserFS/a osuđen je za prvostepeno ubistvo svoje supruge Nine Reiser i služit će 25 godina zatvorske kazne. Slučaj kao slučaj nebih komentarisao, mada okolnosti iz cijelog slučaja su zaista čudne, promjene izjava svjedoka, zatim, činjenica da tijelo nikada nije pronađeno, okolnosti oko Nininog bivšeg partnera koji je dokazani serijski ubojica i sl. Međutim, treba spomenuti da je i sam Hans Reiser sebi sam najviše odmogao. Svojim stavovima je doprinjeo da bude osuđen tako kako je osuđen. Međutim, sud je sud, presuda je tu i ne ostavlja previše prostora za neka polemisanja.

Pregled cijelog događaja: Wired.

Ono što je puno interesantnije za nas korisnike određenih projekata koji na bilo koji način ostanu bez zvojih project leader-a jeste to šta će biti sa tim projektom. Isto pitanje se postavilo odmah i za sam ReiserFS, i to odmah kada je Reiser bio osumječen, a potom i poslije presude. Prve reakcije koje su dolazile do krajnjih korisnika i nisu bile previše optimistične. Kada se tome doda činjenica da je usljed cijelog slučaja koji se vodio firma Nemesys koja je stojala iza projekta ostala u financijskim problemima, cijela stvar dobila je je još ozbiljniju notu.

Primjer: A ReiserFS without Hans Reiser.

Međutim, malo po malo počelo je dolaziti i do drugih reakcija i osvrta na cijelu ovu priču. Spominju se oni koji bi mogli cijeli projekt spasiti iz situacije u koju je upao. Spominju se velika imena IBM, Sun i ostali.
Oglasili su se i ReiserFS developeri, sa veoma optimističnim informacijama o budućnosti cijelog projekta, što je odlično.

Primjer: A ReiserFS without Hans Reiser, Continued.

Iskreno se nadam da će bolja vremena za ovaj odlični datotečni sistem uskoro doći. Projekat ima veliki potencijal, nadajmo se da će neka zvučna imena IT-a naći interes da taj potencijal iskoriste.

Nakon podosta vremena našao sam nešto vremena da istestiram openSuSE Linux 10.3 verziju. U suštini interesovalo me šta se dešava sa KDevelopom i KDE-om, koje nisam koristio veoma dugo vremena, a znajući da je SuSE dosta dobra osnova za iste.

Detaljnije tekst na gotovo istu temu sam objavio prije nekoliko godina na ovom linku.

Na početku ovog teksta treba da kažem da su moja očekivanja od openSuSE Linux distribucije bila prilično visoka, naročito ako uzmemo u obzir činjenicu da nisam koristio nijednu verziju iz porodice 10, te uzimajući u obzir činjenicu da su sve verzije od 7.0 bile dosta dobra ostvarenja.

OpenSuSE strana je dosta jednostavna i jako lijepo uređena što itekako mnogo znači. Pristupačnost strane i dobra dokumentacija na istoj je jedan od faktora koji meni dosta znače, a kako to ova distribucija ima, moja volja da istu pretestiram na svom laptopu je očeličila.

Usljedilo je skidanje verzije za PowerPC platformu (da, i dalje koristim Powerbook i dalje mi se veoma sviđa ovaj komad hardvera) i u međuvremenu isčitavanje dokumentacije.

Prvi problem sa kojim se korisnik može da susretne jeste particionisanje diska. Kako nikad nisam bio pobornik automatskog particionisanjua diska to je bio slučaj i ovdje. Manuelno particionisanje diska je prošlo bez ikakvih problema.

Ono što je potrebno da korisnik zna prije igranja sa particijama jeste da su potrebne dvije particije. Jedna mala, 32 MB velika particija formatirana u Apple_HFS filesystemu koja ‘e se koristiti za bootloader i druga, nozovimo je velika particija, formatirana u ext2, ext3 ili Reiser filesystemu koju ćemo koristiti kao root particiju.

Ne preporučujem manuelno particionisanje diska korisnicima koji nemaju iskustva sa istim, umjesto toga, predlažem particionisanje diska sa Apple DiskUtilityem koji je sastavni alat Mac OS X, koji cijeli ovaj posao može da riješi bez ikakvih poteškoća i dosta elegantno. Za one koji \ele svjesno da se poigraju sa svojim hard diskom savjetujem da pročitaju ovo upustvo. Za sve korisnike koji imaju iskustva sa fdiskom, ovo nebi trebalo da predstavlja bilo akakv problem.

U prvom dijelu instalacije je potrebno da postavite osnovne parametre, kao što je root password, podešavanje vremenske zone, instalacija softvera i slično. Sama instalacija traje nešto više od sat vremena, sve ovisno o tome koji ste softver izabrali za instalaciju. Vezano za softver, izabrao sam defaultnu instlaciju sa GNOME grafičkim okruženjem, čisto da vidim kako se cijela stvar odvijala na tom planu. Nikada mi se nije sviđalo kako GNOME izgleda pod SuSE-om pa me interesovalo da li je to i dalje slučaj.

Nakon instlacije na Powerbook prva stvar koju ćete uočiti jeste da X11 ne radi posao kako treba. Naime, rezulucija koju SuSE automatski setuje nikako ne odgovara je potrebno manuelno promjeniti xorg.conf.

Dakle, prva stvar koju je potrebno uraditi jeste dodati podršku za generičku grafičku akceleraciju:

Load “dri”

u Modules sekciji, i poslije toga u sekciji sa rezolucijama, za defaultnu rezoluciju, potrebno je dodati:

“1280×854″

Poslije toga jednostavno resetujte X11 i uživajte u novoj, prilagođenoj rezoluciji. Sada kada smo to podesili, relativno brzo možete uočiti da zvuk opće ne radi.

Cijela stvar se može riješiti relativno jednostavno, sa konzole (a kako bi drugačije):

vim /etc/init.d/alsasound (linija 188)

test -d /proc/asound && start_rest to test -d /proc/asound && start_all.

Nakon što zvuk proradi možemo se posvetiti podešavanju osnovnih postavki desktopa. GNOME iako u novijoj verziji, izgleda dosta nezgrapno i neprilagođeno, sa nekim novim SuSE application luncher/om koji opće nije po mojoj mjeri. Koristeći Debian i Ubuntu GNOME jednostavno sam se navikao na izgled desktopa koji oni forsiraju, tako da je ovaj, relativno novi za mene, pristup bio prilično veliak promjena za mene, koja je zahtjevala brojne promjene da bi se cijela stvar prilagodila.

Instalaciju KDE-a sam uradio koristeći Yast iz konzole. Jednostavno, usljed višegodišnjeg iskustva sa Yastom shvatio sam da ga je dosta brže i jednostavnije koristiti sa konzole, pa se je to isto tako podrazumijevalo i za instalaciju KDE-a. Sa obzirom da sam izabrao cijelu kategoriju KDE za instalaciju, to je potrajalo nešto duže nego obično (da, da, instalirao sam i translations) i prvo prijavljivanje na KDE je ostavilo pozitivan utisak na meni. KDE loader izgleda veoma lijepo i prilagođeno cijelom okruženju, pa sam odmah stekao dojam da je oficijelni prelazak na GNOME kao default samo obična maska, te da je KDE tu i dalje defaultno grafičko okruženje. KDE luncher koji dolazi sa openSuSE/om izgleda dosta lijepo, po defaultu je uključen transparency, pa sve to onako izgleda dosta lijepo i uredno. KDevelop je i dalje na visini zadatka te ima sve ono zašto je meni potreban. Sve u svemu openSuSE je nastavio sa dobro uhodanom praksom, i dalje se radi o jednoj dosta dobroj i ogromnoj distribuciji, jako lijepo uređenoj, namijenjenoj za ljude koji relativno kratko koriste Linux operativni sistem ili žele da počnu sa istim.

Kao neko ko najviše radi sa Gentoo-om i Debianom treba da kažem da me iznenađuje jednostavnost nekih rješenja koje SuSE nudi, ali isto tako, najveći broj nešto iskusnijih korisnika neće pronaći ništa posebno što bi ih ostavilo ili eventualno prebacilo na ovu Linux distribuciju.

Sve u svemu, radi se o dosta dobroj Linux distribuciji, sa ciljanom korisničkom bazom, i u tom smislu SuSE Linux je i prije, kao i sada, radi izvanredan posao.

1. OpenSuSE

Svi oni koji koriste Linux operativni sistem u svom svakodnevnom radu i životu, a pri tome se bave i cisco/om, mogu da pokrenu više nego potrebni Packet Tracer i pod Linux/om ali samo preko wine/a.  Cijela stvar radi dosta dobro i stabilno, te preporučujem da koristite ovu soluciju koja je u svakom slučaju brža i jednostavnija od instalacije drugog operativnog sistema u jedan od vaših virualizacijskih modela ili rebootirana računara radi prelaska u drugi operativni sistem (ukoliko ga imate).

1. Packet Tracer
2. cisco
3. wine

Prije nekoliko dana kreirana je nova FITColab grupa, Linux grupa.

Nova grupa će se baviti promoviranjem, razvojem, ali i aktivnim sudjelovanjem u aktivnostima lokalizacije GNU/Linux operativnog sistema i aplikativnog softvera koji sa njime ide, pisanjem potrebne dokumentacije koja će biti objavljena pod licencama koja će odgovarati prirodi samog pokreta, popularizacijom tehničke kulture iz oblasti informatike.

U cilju izvršavanja gore navedenih ciljeva nastojati ćemo da objavljujemo vijesti vezane za FOSS, aktivno ćemo se baviti pisanjem dokumentacije sa pravom slobodnog umnožavanja, ali ćemo napraviti i korak dalje, neke interesantne projekte ćemo da implementiramo i dokumentujemo.

Svi članovi FITcolab-a koji simpatišu, koriste ili žele da nauče više o GNU/Linux operativnom sistemu su dobrodošli.

Svojim radom, Linux klub aktivno učestvuje u razvoju Open Source zajednice. Postanite dijelom te zajednice i pomozite nam da je napravimo boljom i jačom!

1. Fakultet Informacijskih Tehnologija
2. FITColab

Da, da izašao je prelijepi GNOME 2.20. Ukratko, kombinacija lijepog i funkcionalnog desktopa.

1. GNOME
2. GNOME 2.20 release notes

Prije nekoliko dana objavljeni su rezultati anketa prema Desktop Linux portalu a tiču se zastupljenosti pojedinih Linux distribucija, internet preglednika, desktop okruženja, email klijenata, i što je meni posebno interesantno zastupljenosti virtualizacijskih alata.

Anketa se ne može uzeti kao definitivan pokazatelj iz mnogo razloga (čak šta više, bilo bi interesantno saznati ko ima službeno pravo da proglasi ovakve ankete realnim pokazateljima) međutim definitivno može da pokaže smjer kretanja pojedinih elemenata koji se direktno tiču FOSS community/a. Interesantno je to da je ove godine anketa zabilježila gotovo dvostruko više posjeta nego prošle godine.

U sljedećem tekstu probat ću da se osvrnem na rezultate:

Prema navedenoj statistici najveću zastupljenost kao i prošle godine ima Ubuntu Linux, što je bilo i za očekivati. Ubuntu je i na Distro watchu već dugo vremena zakovan na prvom mjestu i razvoj ovakve situacije je bio sasvim očekivan. SuSE na drugom mjestu očekivano, mada sam mislio da bi pozicija mogla biti dosta ugrožena od kategorije koja se nalazi pod ‘Other Debian’ (jer ima zaista veliki broj distribucija baziranih na istom). Ono što me iznenadilo na navedenom chart/u jeste veoma dobra pozicioniranost Gentoo Linux/a za kojeg nisam pretpostavljao da ovako visoko kotira.

Na području internet preglednika ništa se nije mijenjalo. Firefox je zadržao apsolutnu dominaciju nad Konquerorom i Operom i vjerujem da će se isti trend nastaviti duže vremena.

Ovaj me chart uvijek iznenadi pozitivno, iako su rezultati koji su navedeni sasvim očekivani. Ubuntu forsira GNOME, od verzije 10 SuSE Linux radi isto, tako da je GNOME dominacija očekivana. Bez obzira na sve, smatram da se KDE prema ovoj statistici veoma dobro drži što potvrđuje kvalitet istog.

Da kvalitetan proizvod sa jakim marketingom iza sebe može da promjeni i navike korisnika prema gore navedenom chart/u pokazuje Thunderbird. Iskreno sam se iznenadio kada sam vidio da ima prednost nad Evolution/om koji dolazi kao default emal klijent uz GNOME i Kmail/om koji je tu uz svaku instalaciju KDE/a.

Posebno interesantna mi je ova statistkika. Pored prilično kvalitetnih virtualizacijskih modela kao što je vserver, qemu ili neki drugi korisnici se okreću dobrom starom Wine/u. VMWare solidno kotira na ovoj ljestvici ali mislim da je Crossover podbacio iako se radi o dosta kvalitetnom proizvodu.

Sve u svemu, veoma interesantna godišnja statistika koja pokazuje da ukoliko se radi o kvalitetnom proizvodu sa jakim marketingom, ni lobi proizvođaća ili navike korisnika nisu prepreka u korištenju istih.

1. 2007 Desktop Linux Survey results revealed
2. Ubuntu Linux
3. Distro watch
4. SuSE Linux
5. Firefox
6. Thunderbird
7. Gentoo Linux
   
8. VMWare
9. Crossover office